Nut intake was related to lower overall and cause-specific mortality
Abstract
Background: Nut intake has been associated with lower mortality, but few studies have investigated causes of death other than cardiovascular disease, and dose-response relationships remain unclear.
Methods: We investigated the relationship of nut (tree nut, peanut) and peanut butter intake with overall and cause-specific mortality. In the Netherlands Cohort Study, 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 years provided information on dietary and lifestyle habits in 1986. Mortality follow-up until 1996 consisted of linkage to Statistics Netherlands. Multivariate case-cohort analyses were based on 8823 deaths and 3202 subcohort members with complete data on nuts and potential confounders. We also conducted meta-analyses of our results with those published from other cohort studies.
Results: Total nut intake was related to lower overall and cause-specific mortality (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurodegenerative diseases, other causes) in men and women. When comparing those consuming 0.1-<5, 5-<10 and 10+ g nuts/day with non-consumers, multivariable hazard ratios for total mortality were 0.88, 0.74 and 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66-0.89], respectively (Ptrend = 0.003). Cause-specific hazard ratios comparing 10+ vs 0 g/day varied from 0.56 for neurodegenerative to 0.83 for cardiovascular disease mortality. Restricted cubic splines showed nonlinear dose-response relationships with mortality. Peanuts and tree nuts were inversely related to mortality, whereas peanut butter was not. In meta-analyses, summary hazard ratios for highest vs lowest nut consumption were 0.85 for cancer, and 0.71 for respiratory mortality.
Conclusions: Nut intake was related to lower overall and cause-specific mortality, with evidence for nonlinear dose-response relationships. Peanut butter was not related to mortality.
Keywords: Nuts; cohort studies; mortality; neoplasms; peanuts; respiratory tract diseases.
© The Author 2015; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.
Acute vascular benefits of Finnish sauna bathing in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Abstract
Background: Finnish sauna bathing habits are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular mortality. The physiologic adaptations mediating this association remain to be fully elucidated. This study tested the hypothesis that Finnish sauna bathing acutely improves peripheral flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in middle-aged and older adults with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: Twenty-two adults (20 male, 2 female; 67 ± 10 years) with stable CAD underwent 2 periods of 10 minutes in a Finnish sauna (81.3 ± 2.7°C, 23 ± 3% humidity) separated by 10 minutes of thermoneutral rest. Before and 51 ± 8 minutes after sauna bathing, brachial artery FMD and postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) were evaluated by means of Doppler ultrasound.
Results: Sauna bathing increased core temperature (mean +0.66°C [95% CI 0.54-0.77], P < 0.01) and heart rate (+27 beats/min [24-29], P < 0.01), and decreased systolic (-19 mm Hg [-31 to -6]; P < 0.01) and diastolic (-6 mm Hg [-11 to -1], P < 0.01) blood pressures. Brachial artery FMD was greater after sauna bathing (+1.21% [0.16-2.26], P = 0.04), whereas PORH was unchanged (peak: +0.51 mL/min/mm Hg [-0.13 to 1.15], P = 0.11; area under the curve: +0.21 mL/mm Hg [-0.12 to 0.54]; P = 0.19).
Conclusions: A typical Finnish sauna bathing session acutely improves peripheral FMD in middle-aged and older adults with stable CAD.
Consuming 42.5 g of almonds per day is a cost-effective approach to prevent cardiovascular disease
Abstract
Background: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the health claim that 1.5 oz (42.5 g) of nut intake may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have focused on the cost-effectiveness of other foods or dietary factors on primary cardiovascular disease prevention, yet not in almond consumption. This study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of almond consumption in cardiovascular disease primary prevention.
Perspective & setting: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of consuming 42.5 g of almond from the U.S. healthcare sector perspective.
Methods: A decision model was developed for 42.5 g of almond per day versus no almond consumption and cardiovascular disease in the U.S.
Population: Parameters in the model were derived from the literature, which included the probabilities of increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, developing acute myocardial infarction and stroke, treating acute myocardial infarction, dying from the disease and surgery, as well as the costs of the disease and procedures in the U.S. population, and the quality-adjusted life years. The cost of almonds was based on the current price in the U.S. market. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for different levels of willingness-to-pay, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, ten-year risk prevention, different costs of procedures and almond prices, and patients with or without cardiovascular disease.
Results: The almond strategy had $363 lower cost and 0.02 higher quality-adjusted life years gain compared to the non-almond strategy in the base-case model. The annual net monetary benefit of almond consumption was $1421 higher per person than no almond consumption, when the willingness to pay threshold was set at $50,000 for annual health care expenditure. Almond was more cost-effective than non-almond in cardiovascular disease prevention in all the sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion: Consuming 42.5 g of almonds per day is a cost-effective approach to prevent cardiovascular disease in the short term and potentially in the long term.
Keywords: Almond; Cardiovascular disease; Cost-effectiveness analysis; Heart disease; Myocardial infarction; Stroke.
Conflict of interest statement
G.R. was a consultant for Porter Novelli and E.J.J. had additional funds from the Almond Board of California for a clinical trial at the time of the study. Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Local vascular complications following angioplasty are seen in 5% to 10% of patients
Abstract
The percutaneous transfemoral approach has been routinely used for cardiac catheterization and coronary angioplasty. Local vascular complications following angioplasty are seen in 5% to 10% of patients, especially in those who need prolonged anticoagulation. Transradial access for coronary procedures dramatically reduces access site complications. We report a rare case of radial arteriovenous fistula, which developed after coronary angiography perfomed using the transradial approach.
Keywords: Arteriovenous fistula; Coronary angiography; Radial artery.
Plasma polyphenols and antioxidants, oxidative DNA damage and endothelial function in a diet and wine intervention study in humans
Abstract
An intervention study was performed to evaluate the influence of a Mediterranean diet, a high fat diet, and their supplementation with red wine in moderate amounts, on biochemical, physiological, and clinical parameters related to atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases. For 3 months two groups of 21 male volunteers each, received either a Mediterranean diet or a high fat diet; during the second month, red wine was added isocalorically, 240 ml/day. Participants were kept under close medical and nutritional surveillance. At days 0, 30, 60 and 90, clinical, physiological and biochemical evaluations were made. Plasma vitamin C was significantly decreased in the high fat diet group compared to the Mediterranean diet group. After wine supplementation to the Mediterranean diet, a significant 13.5% increase in plasma vitamin C was observed. Furthermore, when wine was added vitamin E decreased significantly in plasma, 15% in the high fat diet and 26% in the Mediterranean diet. Total plasma antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant reactivity) increased 28% above basal levels in the Mediterranean diet group, but not in the high fat diet group. In both groups, wine induced a marked increase in total antioxidant reactivity above basal levels, 56% and 23%, respectively. Oxidative DNA damage, detected as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in blood leukocyte DNA, was markedly increased by the high fat diet; however, it was strongly reduced, to approximately 50% basal values, after wine supplementation, both in the high fat diet and Mediterranean diet groups. Endothelial function, evaluated noninvasively as flow-mediated vascular reactivity of the brachial artery, was suppressed by the high fat diet, and was normal after wine supplementation. These effects are attributed to oxidative stress associated with a high fat diet, and to the elevated plasma antioxidant capacity associated with wine consumption and the Mediterranean diet. The results presented support the following conclusions: a high fat diet induces oxidative stress; a diet rich in fruits and vegetables enhances antioxidant defenses; wine supplementation to a high fat or a Mediterranean diet increases plasma antioxidant capacity, decreases oxidative DNA damage, and normalizes endothelial function.
“Cardiac complications after liver transplantation are common (10% of patients experience>1 CVE within 3 years post OLT).”
Abstract
As survival after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) improves, cardiovascular (CV) disease has emerged as the leading cause of non-graft-related deaths. The aims of our study were to determine the cumulative risk of CV events after OLT and to analyze predictive risk factors for those experiencing a CV event after OLT. We identified all adult patients who underwent OLT at our institution for end-stage liver disease between October 1996 and July 2008. The cumulative risk of CV events after OLT was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with CV events after OLT. In all, 775 patients were included in our study cohort (mean age of 53.3 years, female proportion = 44%, Caucasian proportion = 84%, median follow-up = 40 months). The most common indications for OLT were hepatitis C virus (33.2%), alcohol (14.5%), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (12.7%). Eighty-three patients suffered 1 or more CV events after OLT. Posttransplant metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in patients with CV events versus patients with no CV events (61.4% versus 34.1%, P < 0.001). According to a multivariate analysis, independent predictors of CV events were an older age at transplantation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.2, addition of 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-1.3, P = 0.006], male sex (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.3, P = 0.01), posttransplant diabetes (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3-3.3, P = 0.003), posttransplant hypertension (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.0, P = 0.02), and mycophenolate mofetil (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3-3.2, P = 0.003). Among post-OLT patients, the cumulative risk at 5 years of 13.5%, respectively. In conclusion, cardiac complications after liver transplantation are common (Approximately 10% of patients experience 1 or move cv events). Patients with posttransplant hypertension and diabetes, which are modifiable risk factors, are approximately twice as likely to experience a CV event.
“Circulating levels of bisphenol A and phthalates are related to carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly.”
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“Circulating levels of metals are related to carotid atherosclerosis in elderly.”
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“Lipid-lowering drugs and essential omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in patients with coronary heart disease.”
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“Vitamin D deficiency is a predictor of reduced survival in patients with heart failure; vitamin D supplementation improves outcome.”
206 volunteers were randomly placed into 2 dietary groups; the group consuming 3 portions of whole-grain (oat and wheat) foods significantly reduced their systolic blood pressure and pulse pressures
A 10-month exercise program reduces oxidized LDL levels
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A causual relationship between dextroamphetamine use and cardiomyopathy has been reported
A combination of coenzyme10, vitamin E, selenium, methionine and phospholipids protects against occupational and environmental stress in workers of the gas and oil industry
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A combination of GLA and EPA may have therapeutic value in peripheral arterial disease
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A combination of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback and breathing retraining has the potential to improve cardiac mortality and morbidity in heart failure patients
A combination of Phellodendron and Citrus peel extract has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors; namely lipid levels, blood pressure and fasting glucose levels
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A diet high in plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers and almonds compares favorably to statin therapy in reducing C-reactive protein
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A diet rich in extra virgin coconut oil seems to favour the reduction of waist circumference and the increase of HDL-C concentrations
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A greater baseline adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with longer telomeres in women
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A high dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid/arachidonic acid ratio and high DGLA levels, but not AA levels, are associated with a better prognosis in patients with acute cardiovascular disease
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A high vitamin K2 (menaquinone) intake reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease
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A higher banana intake was significantly associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease in women
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A higher intake of vegetable lipids, Vitamin E and higher concentrations of serum HDL cholesterol may reduce the risk of peripheral arterial disease
A higher level of fruit consumption was associated with lower blood pressure and blood glucose levels among Chinese adults
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A large percentage of the cardiovascular disease burden can be alleviated by promoting even modest increases in fruit and vegetable consumption in Japan
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A large randomized trial following 4100+ men and women with heart failure and normal ejection fraction (>=45%) over 4+ years found no improvement in study outcomes or survival with irbesartan as compared to placebo
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A low glycemic index diet with soy protein and phytosterols improves risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women
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A low plasma vitamin D concentration was strongly associated with atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure
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A Mediterranean diet adherence wis associated with a significantly reduced cardiovascular risk
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A Mediterranean diet and healthful lifestyle is associated with a more than 50% lower rate of all-causes and cause-specific mortality
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A Mediterranean diet is associcated with a reduced risk of acute coronary events
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A Mediterranean diet moderates the development and clinical progression of coronary heart disease
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A natural cardioprotective functional ingredient exhibits antiinflammatory, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory, and anti-aggregation properties
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A nut-enriched diet has cholesterol-lowering properties, and olive oil has a cholesterol-lowering property independent of its fatty acid content
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A pecan intervention had a concurrent and clinically significant effect on several relevant markers of cardiometabolic risk
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A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a significantly higher risk for developing cardiovascular events
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A single dose of proanthocyanidins reduced LDL concentration and increased plasma adiponectin after 24 hours
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A standardized extract of P. emblica may provide beneficial effects in overweight/Class-1 obese adults by lowering multiple global CVD risk factors
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A systematic physical exercise program and S. maxima supplementation showed a beneficial reduction in BMI, VO2max, and blood lipid profile
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A vegetarian diet is associated with a healthier profile of cardiovascular biomarkers compared to omnivorous
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Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality
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Açai could have a beneficial overall role against atherosclerosis
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Accelerated aging and age-related diseases due to air pollution and traffic noise exposure
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ACE Inhibitors/Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists do not reduce hospitalisations in older patients with heart failure
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Acupuncture might have beneficial effect on reducing the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
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Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
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Acute effects of diets rich in almonds and walnuts on endothelial function
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Acute EGCG supplementation reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
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Adderrall use has been linked to cardiomyopathy and heart failure
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Additive benefits of twice forest bathing trips in elderly patients with chronic heart failure
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Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern may protect against coronary artery wall production of inflammatory mediators in patients with unstable angina pectoris
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Adherence to a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern reduced mortality among elderly men
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Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet can influence cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women
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Adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet has beneficial effects on aging and health by slowing down telomere shortening
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Adherence to Mediterranean diet and subsequent cognitive decline in men with cardiovascular disease
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Adherence to the mediterranean diet is inversely associated with inflammation (circulating interleukin-6) among middle-aged men
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Administration of L-arginine and citrulline to patients improve the condition of heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction
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Aerobic training and purslane seed ere effective in the regulation of diabetic biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis in women with T2D
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AGE has the ability to stabilize vulnerable plaque and decrease adverse cardiovascular events
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AGE+CoQ10 are associated with beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and reduced progression of coronary atherosclerosis
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Aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 have a beneficial effect on vascular elasticity and endothelial function in firefighters with high occupational stress
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Aged garlic extract inhibits coronary artery calcification progression, lowers IL–6, glucose levels and blood pressure
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Aged garlic extract may exert several positive direct effects on the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases
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Aged garlic extract preserves cutaneous microcirculation in patients with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases
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Aged garlic extract reduces low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries of patients with diabetes
Aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis
Aged garlic extract was highly tolerable with a high safety profile as a stand-alone or adjunctive antihypertensive treatment
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Aged garlic extract with supplement is associated with increase in brown adipose, decrease in white adipose tissue and predict lack of progression in coronary atherosclerosis
Air pollution from fossil-fuels combustion and road dust resuspension were associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in Pakistan
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Almonds eaten before breakfast can reduce serum uric acid in coronary artery disease patients
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Almonds significantly increased HDL cholesterol in coronary artery disease patients
Almonds used as snacks in the diets of hyperlipidemic subjects significantly reduce coronary heart disease risk factors
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Alpha lipoic acid may decrease the cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetic patients
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Alpha-linolenic acid intake confers protection against cardiovascular disease
Alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine appear to improve vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease
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Alpha-lipoic acid or in combination with eicosapentaenoic acid modulates the inflammatory status of healthy overweight or obese women
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Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation improves vascular tone and may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health in overweight/obese youths
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Although statin drugs decrease LDL cholesterol in end-stage kidney disease, their use does not lower morbidity or mortality
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Altilix supplementation was a beneficial approach in the management of hepatic and cardiometabolic alterations in metabolic syndrome subjects
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Ambient air pollutants were associated with daily cardiovascular admissions in Northern Vietnam
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Ambient particulate air pollution and daily mortality in 652 cities
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Among patients with established heart disease, moderate consumption of wine seems to be associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular events and total mortality as compared with non drinkers
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An anthocyanin mixture reduced the inflammatory response in hypercholesterolemic subjects
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An increase in dietary intake of vitamin K is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular, cancer, or all-cause mortality
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An Intervention with royal jelly for three months considerably lowered the total cholesterol and LDL-c levels
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An isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation Karinat may play an important role in the prevention of atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women
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An oat bran enriched diet improves the lipid profile in patients with an increased coronary heart disease risk. A controlled randomized lifestyle intervention study
Analysis of short-term effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease using bayesian spatio-temporal models
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Annurca apple as a functional food for the contribution to a healthy balance of plasma cholesterol levels
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Anti-inflammatory effects of diet and caloric restriction in metabolic syndrome
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Antioxidants decreases the intensification of low density lipoprotein in vivo peroxidation during therapy with statins
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Apple pectin significantly reduces Cesium-137 load within 16 days in children exposed to radioisotopes as a result of Chernobyl
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Aromatherapy massage can help in alleviating psychological and physiological responses among patients with acute coronary syndrome
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Aronia berry polyphenol consumption reduces plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
As an initial management strategy in patients with stable coronary artery disease, PCI did not reduce the risk of death, myocardial infarction, or other major cardiovascular events when added to optimal medical therapy
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Ascorbic acid reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
Aspirin increases mortality in diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease
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Aspirin use was not found to lower the risk of heart attack or death from cardiovascular causes
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Aspirin with or without chronic oral anticoagulant treatment does not reduce mortality or reinfarction, reduces stroke, but is associated with significantly more major bleeding
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Association between ambient fine particulate pollution and hospital admissions for cause specific cardiovascular disease
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Association between fine particulate matter and heart failure hospitalizations
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Association of ambient air pollution with cardiovascular disease risks in people with type 2 diabetes
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Association of vitamin D deficiency and degree of coronary artery disease in cardiac patients with type 2 diabetes
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Associations between ambient air pollution and mortality from all causes
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Astragalus has a significant effect on improving heart function in patients with congestive heart failure
Astragalus improves cardiac function in aged patients with Chronic Heart Failure
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Atorvastatin decreases the coenzyme Q10 level in the blood of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke
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Atorvastatin worsens left ventricular diastolic function, which is improved through coenzyme q10 supplementation
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Australian men and women who consumed a MedDiet for 6 mo had small but significantly lower systolic blood pressure and improved endothelial function
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Avenanthramides (AV), alkaloids occurring only in oats, may have anti-atherosclerotic activity as exhibited by their bioavailability and antioxidant capacity in healthy older adults
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Baked/boiled fish reduces heart failure risk in postmenopausal women whereas fried fish increases it
Balneotherapy may play a preventive role on cardiovascular diseases
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Barley consumption may reduce cardiovascular risk factors
Baseline vitamin D levels below 55-65 nmol/L are predictive of all-cause mortality, CVD death and heart failure
Beetroot’s high nitrate content is responsible for its vasoprotective effects
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Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on glycemia and homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome
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Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor in combination with Diuretics are associated wtih increased risk for cardiovascular mortality versus Diuretics alone
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Beta glucan found in reishi mushroom is a potent antioxidant against pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in stable angina and high risk patients
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Better adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of myocardial Infarction, heart Failure and ischemic stroke
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Bicycling for transportation improves heart rate variability in young adults
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Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate
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Blueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndrome
Blueberry consumption seems to affect serum uric acid concentrations and its relationship with CVD risk factors in a sex-specific manner
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Both high and low concentrations of plasma 25(OH)D are associated with elevated risks of overall and cancer mortality. Low concentrations are associated with cardiovascular mortality
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Both self‐reported periodontitis and edentulism were significantly associated with increased total mortality
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Both tai chi and resistance band groups saw reduced depression symptoms compared with treatment as usual
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Breast fed preterm born babies had lower cardiovascular risks in adult life compared with individuals who were exclusively formula fed as infants
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C-reactive protein (CRP) and long-term air pollution with a focus on ultrafine particles
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C-reactive protein is a strong independent predictor of death in type 2 diabetes: association with multiple facets of the metabolic syndrome
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C-reactive protein is an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular and coronary artery disease
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C-Reactive Protein shows a predictive role in cardiovascular disease in patients with subclinical carotid artherosclerosis
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C. laevigata decreased neutrophil elastase and showed a trend to lower LDL-C
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Calcified atherosclerosis is directly implicated in the pathogenesis of both abdominal aorta and iliac arteries
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Calcium carbonate supplements are associated with aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients – Article 2
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Cardamon has blood pressure lowering, fibrinolysis enhancing and antioxidant activities
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Cardiac complications are common after liver transplantation
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Cardiovascular disease may result from a dietary and lifestyle at odds with our Paleolithic genome
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Chan-Chuang qigong improves exercise capacity, depression, and quality of life in patients with heart failure
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Chia consumption results in a reduction in postprandial glucose excursion and prolongation of satiety
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Substances : Chia
Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries
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Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with prevalent coronary heart disease
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Chocolate consumption may improve liver enzymes and protect against insulin resistance
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Chocolate consumption was associated with lower cardiac mortality in a dose dependent manner in patients free of diabetes surviving their first heart attack
Chronic black tea consumption reduces platelet activation and plasma c-reactive protein in healthy men
Chronic consumption of a low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry beverage attenuates inflammation and improves glucoregulation and HDL cholesterol
Chronic daily consumption of a resveratrol-containing grape nutraceutical could exert cardiovascular benefits in stable-CAD patients
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Chronic L-arginine supplementation enhances endurance exercise tolerance in heart failure patients
Chronic latent magnesium deficiency in obesity decreases positive effects of vitamin d on cardiometabolic risk indicators
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Cistus incanus tea administration decreases cardiovascular risk factors including oxidative stress and dyslipidemia
Clopidogrel therapy in the absence of a loading dose is associated with a significantly higher risk of death or myocardial infarction
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Clopidopgrel use before an acute coronary syndrome had a higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular events than patients who were not
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Cocoa flavanol intake has the potential to reduce the 10-year risk of CV morbidity and mortality even in this healthy cohort by 20–30 % and 30–40 % respectively
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Cocoa inhibits LDL oxidation both in vitro and ex vivo
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Cocoa intake is inversely associated with blood pressure and 15-year cardiovascular (47% reduction) and all-cause mortality (50% reduction)
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Cocoa powder and dark chocolate may favorably affect cardiovascular disease risk status by modestly reducing LDL oxidation susceptibility and increasing serum total antioxidant capacity and HDL-cholesterol concentrations
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Cocoa powder has a positive effect on inflammatory mediators in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease
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Coconut oil consumption improves fat-free mass, plasma HDL-cholesterol and insulin sensitivity
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Coenzyme q10 appears to prevent tachycardia in heart failure patients
Coenzyme Q10 as an adjuvant in conventional therapy for heart failure reduces hospitalization and incidence of serious complications
Coenzyme Q10 improves ejection fraction as an adjunctive therapy for congestive heart failure
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CoenzymeQ10 as adjuvant treatment in patients with heart failure may attenuate the incidence of atrial fibrillation
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Coffee consumption may reduce the risk of all-cause and cardiac mortalit
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Coffee drinking has a preventive effect on all-cause and on cardiovascular mortality in men and women
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Coffee may reduce mortality risk by favorably affecting inflammation, lung function, insulin sensitivity, and depression
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Combination exercise training resulted in improvements in the cardiovascular risk profile in overweight and obese participants
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Combination therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin following coronary stenting is associated with a significant risk of bleeding
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Combined aerobic and resistance training is more effective in the chronic modification of blood pressure and lipid profile
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Concomitant treatment with oral L-arginine improves the efficacy of surgical angiogenesis in patients with severe diffuse coronary artery disease
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Concomitant use of a proton pump inhibitor and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone was associated with a higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year after coronary stent placement
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Consumption of 1 oz of English walnuts per day may decrease cardiovascular risk
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Consumption of aronia berry polyphenols improved endothelial function and modulated gut microbiota composition
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Consumption of chokeberry products modestly lowered blood pressure and reduced low-grade inflammation
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Consumption of flavonoid-rich fruits and risk of coronary heart disease
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Consumption of fruit or fiber-fruit decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease
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Consumption of high flavanol dark chocolate confers modest improvements in cardiovascular function
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Consumption of olive oil polyphenols decreased plasma LDL concentrations and LDL atherogenicity in healthy young men
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Consumption of over 2 cups a day of Italian style coffee is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk
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Consumption of policosanol enhances HDL functionality and reduces blood pressure
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Consumption of polyphenols results in a significant improvement in an established marker of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive participants
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Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was positively associated with mortality primarily through CVD mortality and showed a graded association with dose
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Consumption was associated with a better weight/adiposity and CVRF profile than seen in non-consumers
Coq10 is safe and efficacious as an adjunctive therapy in heart failure
Coq10 used as an adjunctive therapy in heart failure improves clinical signs and symptoms in the majority of patients tested
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Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction. does not reduce the occurrence of death, reinfarction, or heart failure, and there was a trend toward excess reinfarction during 4 years of follow-up in stable patients with occlu
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Cranberry juice consumption has a favorable effect on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in men
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Cranberry juice consumption improves vascular function in patients with coronary artery disease
crocetin could be considered as a promising anti-atherogenic candidate for future studies
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Curcuminoids supplementation could contribute to a reduced risk of cardiovascular events in dyslipidemic patients with T2D
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Cycle commuting was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and all cause mortality
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D-ribose aids congestive heart failure patients
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Daily resveratrol consumption may help to prevent and control cardiovascular disease in overweight or obese individuals
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Dark chocolate consumption may be associated with a reduction in blood pressure
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Dark chocolate improves coronary vasomotion and reduces platelet reactivity
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Deep breathing suppresses steady-state sympathetic nerve activity in patients with high levels of resting sympathetic tone as in heart failure
Diabetics were 5.6 times more likely to have high CRP levels than nondiabetics, and at more risk of cardiovascular disease than nondiabetics
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Dietary flavonoid intake at midlife and healthy aging in women
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Dietary intake of isoflavones is associated with a lower prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women
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Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, cardiac mortality, aortic calcification and all-cause mortality
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Dietary intake of taurine and magnesium may prolong lifespan by preventing the progression of cardiovascular diseases
Dietary intake of trans fatty acids is associated with increase in the risk of coronary artery disease
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Dietary nitrate supplementation opposes the elevated diaphragm blood flow in chronic heart failure during submaximal exercise
Dietary patterns with a higher proinflammatory potential were associated with higher CVD risk
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Dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil lowers blood pressure in dyslipidaemic patients
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Dietary supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 combined reduced the inflammatory response in elderly humans
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Digoxin use was independently associated with significantly higher risk of death and a higher risk of hospitalization
Djembe drumming may improve cardiovascular health, without the cardiovascular risks to unhealthy or older populations that are associated with higher intensity exercise, and at the same time may decrease stress and anxiety levels
Dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate does not reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in healthy individuals
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Drinking water arsenic was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease among residents exposed to moderate levels of arsenic
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Dynamic aerobic endurance training decreases blood pressure through a reduction of systemic vascular resistance
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E-cigarettes and cigarettes worsen peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness
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Early initiation of treatment with EPA combined with statin after successful primary PCI reduced cardiovascular events after ACSEarly initiation of treatment with EPA combined with statin after successful primary PCI reduced cardiovascular events after ACS
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EDTA regresses calcified coronary artery plaque volume, reduces angina and improves lipid profiles in patients with Coronary Artery Disease
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Effect of 8 week intake of probiotic milk products on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
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Effect of B vitamins supplementation on cardio-metabolic factors in patients with stable coronary artery disease
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Effect of lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular parameters and markers of inflammation and oxidation in patients with coronary vascular disease
Energy drinks induce acute cardiovascular and metabolic changes pointing to potential risks for young adults
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EPA is incorporated into advanced atherosclerotic plaques and higher plaque EPA is associated with decreased plaque inflammation and increased stability
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Estradiol may have proinflammatory effects in older men with coronary artery disease
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Evidence shows a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of heart failure in elderly populations
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EVOO has beneficial effect on post-prandial glycemic and LDL-C profiles
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Exercise programs had positive effects in reducing the severity of depression in heart failure patients
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Existing evidence suggests that exercise and many drug interventions are often potentially similar in terms of their mortality benefits
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Exposure levels of air pollution (PM2.5) and associated health risk in Kuwait
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Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter is associated with impaired endothelial function and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation
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Exposure to biomass smoke increase cardiovascular diseases
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Exposure to higher concentration of PM2.5 in the ambient air is significantly associated with the development of high-risk coronary plaques
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Exposure to simulated sunlight that contains both UVB and UVA reduce cardiovascular risk factors and improve quality of life
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Extra virgin olive oil consumption could lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients on antiretroviral treatments
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Fiber and fruit intakes are associated with a reduction in total mortality
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Fish at least once per week may reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in men
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Fish intake (excluding fried fish) reduces the risk of heart failure
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Flavanol-rich chocolate acutely improves vascular function in patients with congestive heart failure
Flavanone-rich citrus beverages counteract the transient decline in postprandial endothelial function in humans
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Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate intake significantly improved coronary circulation in healthy adults
Flaxseed oil may be considered a promising agent with cardioprotective properties
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Folic acid and vitamin B(12) supplementation improves vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease
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Folic acid supplementation significantly improved endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary atherosclerosis
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Following 3-month astaxanthin supplementation, suppressed oxidative stress and improved cardiac contractility and exercise tolerance
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Forest bathing has therapeutic effects on human hypertension and induces inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system and inflammation
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Frequent consumption of fried foods was associated with a higher risk of all cause and cardiovascular mortality in women in the US
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Frequent nut and peanut butter consumption is associated with a significantly lower cardiovascular risk in women with type 2 diabetes
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Frequent nut consumption may offer postmenopausal women modest protection against the risk of death from all causes and coronary artery disease
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Frequent nut consumption was associated with a reduced risk of both fatal coronary heart disease and non-fatal myocardial infarction
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Fried food consumption has a positive, dose-dependent association with coronary artery disease
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Fruit and vegetable consumption has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health by positively influencing plasma antioxidants and blood pressure
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Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
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Garlic may provide an ideal alternative to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in arteriosclerosis prevention
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Garlic reduces a multitude of risk factors associated with arteriosclerosis and significantly reduces the risk for heart attack and stroke
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Gazpacho soup consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension
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General marker for inflammation associated with many chronic diseases can be favourably modified with the consumption of specific nuts
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Genistein has favorable effects on some predictors of cardiovascular risk in osteopenic, postmenopausal women
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Geomagnetic disturbances driven by solar activity enhance total and cardiovascular mortality risk in 263 U.S. cities
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Ginkgo biloba reduces nanoplaque formation in cardiovascular high-risk patients
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Ginseng improves the condition of patients with congestive heart failure and raises levels of T3 and T4
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Grape pomace phenolic extract reduces trimethylamine-n-oxide levels in humans
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Grape seed extract significantly improved markers of inflammation and glycaemia and a sole marker of oxidative stress in obese Type 2 diabetic subjects at high risk of cardiovascular events over a 4-week period, which suggests it may have a therapeutic ro
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Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract had beneficial effects on the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques
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Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower CVD incidence and mortality in the UK
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Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events
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Greater adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant reduction in mortality among individuals diagnosed as having coronary heart disease
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Green tea catechins are effective in reducing atherosclerosis risk associated with oxidative stress
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Green tea catechins improve human forearm endothelial dysfunction and have anti-atherosclerotic effects in smokers
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Green tea consumption can be beneficial in improving the prognosis for stroke or MI survivors
Green tea consumption is associated with reduced mortality due to all causes and due to cardiovascular disease
Green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease incidence in the middle-aged and older Chinese populations
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Grounding appears to be one of the simplest and yet most profound interventions for helping reduce cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular events
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Guggul may be beneficial against atherogenesis via lipid lowering and inhibition of LDL oxidation
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H. sabdariffa extract improved metabolism, displayed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and significantly reduced blood pressure
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Harmful effects of NSAIDs among patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease include increased cardiac mortality
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Hawthorn (Crataegus) reduces the incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients with less compromised left ventricular function
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Hawthorn berry extract is safe and effective in improving exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure
Hawthorn provides benefits as an adjunctive treatment for chronic heart failure. – Article 1
Hawthorn provides benefits as an adjunctive treatment for chronic heart failure. – Article 2
Haze fine particles had significant impacts on cause-specific mortalities in Beijing
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Heart failure patients have high rates of B-vitamin deficiency
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Hepatitis C and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection are related to the progression of carotid artherosclerosis
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HFCS produced dose dependent increases of circulating lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease and uric acid within 2 weeks
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Hibiscus sabdariffa may be a useful dietary strategy to reduce endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk
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High dietary intake of vitamin K rich foods is associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease
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Substances : Vitamin K
High dietary menaquinone (Vitamin K2) intake is associated with reduced coronary calcification
High dietary vitamin B6 consumption was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality
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High dose B-complex vitamin supplementation significantly reduces progression of early-stage subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy individuals
High fructose corn syrup and fructose consumption increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease in human subjects
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High intake of flavonoids is associated with decreased carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged Finnish men
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High intakes of red meat were associated with a higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality
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High trans fat consumption remains a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease
High-dose short-term folate administration modifies ambulatory blood pressure in postmenopausal women
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High-fiber oat cereal lowers postprandial triglyceride and free fatty acid levels
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High-intensity endurance training enhances the positive effects of MeD on the regenerative capacity of endothelium and on the fitness of MetS patients
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High-intensity single-leg cycling improves cardiovascular disease risk factor profile
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Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in women
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Higher chocolate intake was associated with a lower risk of future cardiovascular events in this stud
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Higher circulating concentrations of alpha-tocopherol within the normal range are associated with significantly lower total and cause-specific mortality in older male smokers
Higher consumption of nuts is associated with lower CVD incidence and mortality among participants with diabetes mellitus
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Higher CRP levels are associated with peripheral arterial disease among US adults free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension
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Higher dietary fibre intake from fruit, vegetables and grains could reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases
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Higher fresh fruit consumption was associated with significantly lower mortality from several major vascular and non-vascular diseases
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Higher intake of cryptoxanthin was shown to be related to low body mass and body fat in Japanese middle-aged women
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Higher intake of Fruit and vegtables during young adulthood was associated with lower odds of prevalent CAC after 20 years of follow-up
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Higher intakes of fruit-based flavonoids were associated with a lower risk of nonfatal MI and ischemic stroke in men
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Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a slower age-related progression of aortic stiffness
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Higher physical activity levels were associated with a dose-dependent reduced risk of cardiovascular-related, cancer-related, and all-cause mortality
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Higher plasma vitamin C concentration was associated with lower total mortality, heart disease mortality and cancer mortality
Higher pro-inflammatory dietary score is associated with higher hyperuricemia risk
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Highly absorptive curcumin reduces serum atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with mild COPD
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Honey consumption can improve the lipid profile such as; total cholesterol, TG and LDL and increase HDL
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Hydroxytyrosol changed body composition parameters and modulated the antioxidant profile, the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes
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Hypertension and low antioxidant levels are associated with the pathogenesis of abdominal aneurysm
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Hypertensive men and women who consumed 2 servings a week of yogurt, especially in the context of a healthy diet, were at lower risk for developing CVD
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Hypovitaminosis D is associated with subclinical peripheral arterial disease, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors
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Ibuprofen use may increase the risk of thrombotic and congestive heart failure events
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Implementation of hand reflexology and acupressure can have positive effects on anxiety and vital signs in patients with coronary artery diseases
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Improvement of ventricular function in systolic heart failure patients with oral L-citrulline supplementation
In a population of men with hypertension moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk for heart attack but not with risks for cardiac mortality or all-cause mortality. .
In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents the use of proton pump inhibitors was associated with a greater rate of major adverse cardiac events
In patients with stable coronary artery disease, an independent and inverse association exists between n-3 fatty acid levels and inflammatory biomarkers
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Increased frequency of nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality
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Increased fruit, vegetable, and legume intakes may have greater beneficial effects on reducing all-cause mortality
Increases in dietary polyphenols are associated with decreased inflammatory biomarkers
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Increases in urinary BPA concentrations are associated with increased incidence of coronary artery disease
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Increasing total consumption of nuts and intake of individual types of nuts was associated with a subsequent lower risk of cardiovascular disease
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Increasing vegetables in the diet may have benefits for the prevention of subclinical atherosclerosis in older adult women
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Independent of their plaque-regressive effects, statins promote coronary atheroma calcification
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Infant formula feeding is associated with atheroslerotic lesions in infants who died from sudden infant death syndrome
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Infant formula is associated with microvascular dysfunction relative to breastfeeding
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Influenza A vaccination containing adjuvant causes cardiac autonomic dysfunction and inflammation which may transiently increase the risk of cardiovascular events
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Instant oatmeal consumed daily for 6 weeks significantly increased fiber intake and decreased major risk factors for CVD in Chinese adults with hypercholesterolemia
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Intake of trans-fatty acids contributes to a sizeable proportion of coronary heart disease events in Iran
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Intakes of plant-based foods, particularly fruit intake, were associated with reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes among Japanese men and women
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Isoflavone supplementation reduces C-reactive protein and reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with ischaemic stroke
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Kiwifruit consumption reduces platelet aggregation and blood triglycerides in human subjects
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Krill oil reduces symptoms of chronic inflammation and arthritis
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L-arginine protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease
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L-arginine supplementation improves postsurgical endothelial function, insulin restance and inflammation in nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease
L-Arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis, may be an alternative treatment for premature atherosclerosis
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Pharmacological Actions : Antihypertensive Agents, Cardiovascular Agents, Nitric Oxide Enhancer
L-carnitine is a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of congestive heart failure in combination with traditional pharmacological therapy
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l-Carnitine supplement reduces serum CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation, and plasma fibrinogen, an inflammation-related coagulation factor, in hemodialysis patients
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Lactobacillus plantarum 299v probiotic supplementation in men with stable coronary artery disease suppresses systemic inflammation
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Lactofermented Annurca apple puree as a functional food indicated for the control of plasma lipid and oxidative amine levels
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Lavender aromatherapy has cortisol-lowering and relaxation effects and may have beneficial acute effects on coronary circulation
Legume consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease
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Lemon balm decreases HbA1c and improves beta-cell activity, blood pressure, and HDL-C in type 2 diabetic individuals
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Light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower atherosclerotic burden of aortic plaque
Long- and short-term association of low-grade systemic inflammation with cardiovascular mortality
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Long-term ascorbic acid administration reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
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Long-term coenzyme Q10 therapy has significant therapeutic effects in patients with advanced heart failture
Long-term CoQ10 treatment of patients with chronic heart failure is safe, improves symptoms, and reduces major adverse cardiovascular events
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Long-term effects of honey on cardiovascular parameters and anthropometric measurements of postmenopausal women
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Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease in Shenyang, China
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Long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality
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Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular mortality in the general population
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Long-term flaxseed lignan-enriched complex supplementation in older adults has an ability to favourably modulate systolic blood pressure
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Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels associated with compromised cardiac function in humans
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Lovastatin enhances the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation
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Low adiponectin levels are associated with symptomatic atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease
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Low free testosterone is associated with heart failure mortality in older men
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Low serum docosahexaenoic acid was associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis in statin-treated patients with Diabetes mellitus.
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Low serum magnesium concentrations predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
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Low serum vitamin B12 levels are independently associated with abnormal lipid profiles in healthy young Saudi women
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Low total bilirubin is associated with the higher prevalence of coronary heart disease and stroke in men and with the higher prevalence of stroke in women among a Japanese health screening population
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Low vitamin D is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes
Low vitamin D levels are independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality
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Low-calorie cranberry juice can improve several risk factors of CVD in adults, including circulating TGs, CRP, and glucose, insulin resistance, and diastolic BP
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lower 25OHD is associated with higher BP especially in those who use BP medications
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Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with coronary artery calcification in Mexican subjects
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Lower vitamin D levels are associated with all-cause mortality and even more pronounced with cardiovascular mortality
Lowering blood cadmium levels could be beneficial in reducing the incident of cardiovascular disease and related mortality
Lutein exerts anti-inflammatory effects in patients with coronary artery disease
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Macadamia nut consumption modulates favourably risk factors for coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic subjects
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Magnesium may have a favorable effect on coronary artery calcification
Magnesium supplementation is beneficial to patients with coronary artery disease
Magnesium supplementation is beneficial to patients with symptomatic heart failure
Mass market multivitamin and antioxidant supplement use is associated with increased mortality among male smokers
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Mean follow-up for atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation relapse in elderly undergoing cardioconversion is 7.7 months and associated with increased mortality
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Measles and mumps, especially in case of both infections, were associated with lower risks of mortality from atherosclerotic CVD
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Meditation reduced norepinephrine blood levels, quality of life and cardiopulmonary function in elderly patients with optimally treated congestive heart failure
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Mediterranean diet and antihypertensive drug use
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Mediterranean diets supplemented with olive oil or nuts have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors
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Mediterranean, vegetarian and vegan diets as practical outtakes of EAS and ACC/AHA recommendations for lowering lipid profile
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Medium-term administration of onion peel extract an improvement in flow-mediated dilation and circulating endothelial progenitor cells
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Melatonin administration lowers biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease
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Minimal fish intake is associated with lower risk of major CVD and mortality among patients with prior CVD
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Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by statin contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
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Mixed nut consumption may improve cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese adults
Moderate chocolate consumption was associated with a lower rate of heart failure hospitalization or death
Moderate coffee consumption lowers the likelihood of developing left ventricular systolic dysfunction in post-acute coronary syndrome normotensive patients
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Moderate consumption of chocolate might be associated with a lower risk of heart failure in male physicians
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Moderate consumption of green tea decreased the risk of total cancer and respiratory disease mortality in women
Moderate red wine consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in an elderly Mediterranean population at a high cardiovascular risk
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Modest fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of total cardiovascular disease, consistent with cardiac mortality benefits
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More frequent statin use is associated with accelerated coronary artery calcification, and in a subpopulation aortic calcification, in T2DM patients with advanced atherosclerosis
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Mortality risk and fine particulate air pollution in a large, representative cohort of U.S. adults
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Mothers who do not breastfeed their infants seem to be at increased risk of vascular changes associated with future cardiovascular disease
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Mud therapy may have therapeutic value in patients with osteoarthrosis and concomitant hypertensive disease and ischemic heart disease
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MUFAs or n-6 PUFAs had beneficial effects on serum lipid biomarkers, blood pressure, and E-selectin offering a potential public health strategy for CVD risk reduction
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Multiple functions of policosanol in elderly patients with dyslipidemia
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Music therapy decreased congestive heart failure in elderly patients by reducing plasma cytokine and catecholamine levels
Napping and an extended duration of recovery sleep has a positive effect on alertness and immune cells after acute sleep restriction
Nattokinase supplementation is an effective way to manage the progression of atherosclerosis and potentially may be a better alternative to statins
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Niacin treatment improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Nigella sativa oil supplement has cardiovascular protective effects in patients with T2DM
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NSAIDs are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and death
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NSAIDs are frequently used in patients with heart failure and are associated with increased risk of death and cardiovascular morbidity
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Nut consumption decreases the risk of sudden cardiac death
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Nut consumption may play a role in reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation and possibly heart failure
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Nut consumption was associated with decreased overall and cardiovascular disease mortality
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Nut consumption was independently associated with a decreased risk of overall and vascular-disease mortality
Nut intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and certain types of cause-specific mortality
Nut/tree nut consumption was associated with a decreased prevalence of selected risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
Oat bran in cardiovascular risk control in mental disorder
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Olive oil consumption appears to reduce the risk of non-fatal heart attack in coronary disease
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Olive oil consumption reduces the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, supporting the hypothesis that daily virgin olive oil intake protects cardiovascular health
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Omega 3 fatty acids improve the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects with metabolic syndrome, including markers of inflammation and auto-immunity
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Omega-3 fatty acid reduce the total mortality and sudden death in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduces total mortality and sudden death in patients who have already had a heart attack
Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D supplementation results in a substantial reduction in coronary calcium scores and slowed plaque growth
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Omega-3 in modest doses reduces cardiac deaths, and in high doses reduces nonfatal cardiovascular events. Red yeast rice reduces adverse cardiac events to a similar degree as the statins
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One Hass avocado per day has beneficial effects beyond their fatty acid profile on decreasing LDL‐C and other emerging CVD risk factors
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One week of daily beetroot juice significantly improves submaximal aerobic endurance and blood pressure in elderly HFpEF patients
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Oophorectomy adversely affect healthy postmenopausal women by accelerating loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and the rate of increase in carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT)
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Oral supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and inflammation markers in patients with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis
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Oral vitamin C restores coronary microcirculatory function and impaired coronary flow velocity reserve against oxidative stress in smokers
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Orange juice consumption is associated with better diet quality, improved nutrient adequacy and a decreased risk for obesity
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Orange pomace fiber lowers postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in men with increased cardiometabolic risk
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Ozone therapy might be beneficial in terms of activating antioxidant system and merit further therapeutic potential to conventional heart failure treatment
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Pantothenic acid preparations improve the condition of patients with coronary heart disease and stable angina
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Paracetamol was associated with increased mortality, especially cardiovascular
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Patients taking aspirin plus ibuprofen have an increased risk of all-cause mortality
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Patients who have low CRP levels after statin therapy have better clinical outcomes than those with higher CRP levels, regardless of the resultant level of LDL cholesterol
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Patients with chronic heart failure have increased intestinal permeability and an augmented bacterial biofilm contributing to both chronic inflammation and malnutrition
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Patients with cogestive heart failure have high rates of thiamine deficiency
Patients with hypertension treated with calcium channel blockers have increased incident of heart failure
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People who preferentially consume high amounts of quercetin-containing foods have a reduced risk of thrombosis and potential CVD risk
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Perilla frutescens leaf powder intake may be an effective intervention to prevent cardiovascular diseases
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Periodontal disease is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
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Physical inactivity increases endostatin and osteopontin in patients with coronary artery disease
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Phytosterol plasma concentrations are associated with a lower riat of coronary heart disease in the Spanish
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Pine bark extract significantly prolonged the lag time of LDL oxidation
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Plasma homocysteine predicts progression of atherosclerosis
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Plasma vitamin C, a biomarker reflecting fruit and vegetable intake, was inversely associated with the risk of heart failure
Pomegranate juice has potent antiatherogenic effects in healthy humans and in atherosclerotic mice that may be attributable to its antioxidative properties
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Pomegranate juice intake had a significant beneficial effect, lowering systolic blood pressure and improving the lipid profiles of hemodialysis patients
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Potential adverse cardiovascular effects from excessive endurance exercise
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Preoperative use of aspirin plus clopidogrel is associated with an increased risk of infection after coronary artery bypass surgery
Prevention of cardiovascular events with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the mechanism involved
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Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA)
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Prior aspirin use predicts worse outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes
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Probiotic fermented goat’s milk decreases oxidative stress-mediated atherogenicity in human subjects
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Probiotics supplementation had beneficial effects on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk
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Processed red meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of heart failure in men
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Proton-pump inhibitors seem to be associated with increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes
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Puerarin acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-kappaB signalling
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Puerarin effectively improves clinical symptoms and vascular endothelial function and reduces the levels of inflammatory factors in patients with CAD
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Pycnogenol and Centella Asiatica reduce the progression of arterial plaques and the progression to clinical stages
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Pycnogenol improves diabetes control, lowers cardiovascular disease risk factors, and reduces the need for hypertension medication in type diabetic patients
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Pycnogenol improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease by reducing oxidative stress
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Pycnogenol® in combination with coenzymeQ10 may be of value in heart failure patients
Quercetin reduced systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidised LDL concentrations in overweight subjects with a high-cardiovascular risk phenotype
Raja yoga meditation lowered serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in post-menopausal women thus reducing the risk of coronary artery disease in them
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Raloxifene is associated with double the risk of coronary artery disease
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Red and processed meat intakes were associated with modest increases in total mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular disease mortality
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Red grape seed extract may have potential beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in patients with mild hyperlipidemia
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Red meat consumption was significantly positively associated with ferritin concentrations and myocardial infarction risk
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Red sage (S. mitiorrhiza) and kudzu (Pueraria lobata) improve vascular function and structure in coronary patients
Red Yeast Rice rapidly reduces C-reactive protein levels, within 24 hours, and blood lipid profiles within 2 weeks
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Red Yeast Rice safely and profoundly reduces cardiovascular events and total mortality
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Red Yeast Rice significantly lowers all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetics with coronary heart disease
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Reduced levels of plasma selenium are associated with increased inflammation and cardiovascular disease
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Reduced serum zinc ion concentration is associated with coronary heart disease
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Regular aspirin-use preceding the onset of primary intracerebral hemorrhage is an independent predictor for death
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Regular consumption of chocolate bars containing plant sterols and cocoa flavanols as part of a low-fat diet may support cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and improving blood pressure
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Regular consumption of dark chocolate is associated with low serum concentrations of C-reactive protein
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Regular endurance exercise combined with daily curcumin ingestion may reduce LV afterload to a greater extent than monotherapy with either intervention alone in postmenopausal women
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Regular green tea consumption is associated with significantly reduced risk of death from all-cause, CVD and cancer among Chinese adults
Regular intake of functional yogurt NY-YP901 may be consequently related to improve metabolic syndrome
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Regular peanut consumption improves indices of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy adults
regular yogurt consumption was related to lower mortality risk among women
Relationship between urinary bisphenol a levels and cardiovascular diseases in the U.S. adult population
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Repeated sauna treatment improves impaired vascular endothelial function in the setting of coronary risk factors
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Repeated sauna treatment improves vascular endothelial and cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure
Repeated sauna treatment improves ventricular arrhythmias in patients with chronic heart failure
Results indicate a positive impact of regular chokeberry juice consumption on BP and lipid status in pharmacologically untreated hypertensive subjects
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Rice bran extract reduces the risk of atherosclerosis in post-menopausal Vietnamese women
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Rooibos tea improves the lipid profile and redox status of adults at risk of developing cardiovascular disease
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Rosiglitazone use is associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly
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Rosiglitazone use is associated with an increased risk of stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality
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Sauna baths improve blood lipid profiles in women
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Seasonally dependent early developmental mechanisms might play a role in increasing lifetime disease risk
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Sedentariness is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and may be responsible for the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes
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Sedentary lifestyle and high-carbohydrate intake were associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk
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Selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation had long lasting effects that reduced cardiovascular mortality
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Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein is inversely correlated to telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of haemodialysis patients
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Serum vitamin C concentration is low in peripheral arterial disease and is associated with inflammation and severity of atherosclerosis
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Serum vitamin D levels have an independent, inverse association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality
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Serum vitamin D levels was negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis
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Serum vitamin D might be protective against cardiovascular disease
Sesame seed paste reduces cardiovascular disease risk factors in type 2 diabetics
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Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
Short-term cocoa consumption signficantly reduces blood cholesterol
Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and daily atherosclerotic heart disease mortality in a cool climate
Simple lifestyle modifications such as adding raisins to a diet or increasing walking have distinct beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk
Six months of vitamin D supplementation significantly improves ejection fraction in elderly patients with heart failure and vitamin D deficiency
Smokers who adhere to physical activity guidelines show a significant reduction in mortality
Snacking on whole almonds for 6 weeks improves endothelial function and lowers LDL cholesterol
Soy food consumption is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese women
Soy isoflavones improve cardiovascular disease risk markers in women during the early menopause
Spirulina supplementation has favorable effect on select cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers in humans
Statin discontinuation was associated with a 33% increased risk of admission for cardiovascular event in 75-year-old primary prevention patients
Statin drug use is associated with lower bilirubin levels, a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Statin therapy decreases myocardial (heart) function
Statin use is associated with an increased prevalence and extent of coronary plaques possessing calcium
Statins increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
Abstract
Background: Trials of statin therapy have had conflicting findings on the risk of development of diabetes mellitus in patients given statins. We aimed to establish by a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data whether any relation exists between statin use and development of diabetes.
Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1994 to 2009, for randomised controlled endpoint trials of statins. We included only trials with more than 1000 patients, with identical follow-up in both groups and duration of more than 1 year. We excluded trials of patients with organ transplants or who needed haemodialysis. We used the I(2) statistic to measure heterogeneity between trials and calculated risk estimates for incident diabetes with random-effect meta-analysis.
Findings: We identified 13 statin trials with 91 140 participants, of whom 4278 (2226 assigned statins and 2052 assigned control treatment) developed diabetes during a mean of 4 years. Statin therapy was associated with a 9% increased risk for incident diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.17), with little heterogeneity (I(2)=11%) between trials. Meta-regression showed that risk of development of diabetes with statins was highest in trials with older participants, but neither baseline body-mass index nor change in LDL-cholesterol concentrations accounted for residual variation in risk. Treatment of 255 (95% CI 150-852) patients with statins for 4 years resulted in one extra case of diabetes.
Interpretation: Statin therapy is associated with a slightly increased risk of development of diabetes, but the risk is low both in absolute terms and when compared with the reduction in coronary events. Clinical practice in patients with moderate or high cardiovascular risk or existing cardiovascular disease should not change.
Funding: None.
Strawberries can provide vascular health benefits to heavier adolescent males
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the intake of freeze-dried strawberry powder (FDSP) improves select markers of cardiovascular health in adults with cardiovascular risk factors; however, whether these improvements can be observed in at-risk adolescents is unknown. A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study enrolled twenty-five overweight or obese males, aged 14-18 years, to consume 50 g of a FDSP or a control powder, daily for 1 week. Before and after each test period, measures of microvascular function, plasma nitrate/nitrite, platelet reactivity and blood lipids were collected at baseline and acutely 1 h after FDSP intake. Acute plasma nitrate/nitrite levels increased 1 h after consuming the FDSP during Study Visit 1 before daily FDSP intake (P<0·001) and during Study Visit 2 after 1 week of FDSP intake (P<0·001) compared with control powder intake. As a group, fasting nitrate/nitrite levels did not significantly change after 1 week of control or FDSP intake. However, for those individuals where fasting nitrate levels increased after short-term FDSP intake compared with controls, an increase in reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) was observed (P=0·014), whereas RHI was unchanged in those individuals who did not have a significant increase in nitrate (P=0·396). Taken together, these data support the concept that strawberries can provide vascular health benefits to heavier adolescent males.
Keywords: CV cardiovascular; FDSP freeze-dried strawberry powder; NO nitric oxide; Nitrate; Obese adolescents; PAT peripheral arterial tonometry; Peripheral arterial tonometry; RHI reactive hyperaemia index; Strawberry powder; fRHI Framingham reactive hyperaemia index.
Strawberries decrease atherosclerotic markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome
Abstract
Strawberries have been reported to be potent antioxidants and reduce cardiovascular risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in limited studies. We hypothesized that freeze-dried strawberry supplementation will improve blood pressure, impaired glucose, dyslipidemia, or circulating adhesion molecules in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome, thereby lowering cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. Twenty-seven subjects with metabolic syndrome (2 males and 25 females; body mass index, 37.5 +/- 2.15 kg/m(2); age, 47.0 +/- 3.0 years [means +/- SE]) consumed 4 cups of freeze-dried strawberry beverage (50 g freeze-dried strawberries approximately 3 cups fresh strawberries) or equivalent amounts of fluids (controls, 4 cups of water) daily for 8 weeks in a randomized controlled trial. Anthropometrics and blood pressure measurements, assessment of dietary intakes, and fasting blood draws were conducted at screen and 8 weeks of the study. Strawberry supplementation significantly decreased total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.8 +/- 0.2 to 5.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/L and 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/L, respectively [means +/- SE], P < .05) and small low-density lipoprotein particles using nuclear magnetic resonance-determined lipoprotein subclass profile vs controls at 8 weeks (794.6 +/- 94.0 to 681.8 +/- 86.0 nmol/L [means +/- SE], P < .05). Strawberry supplementation further decreased circulating levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 vs controls at 8 weeks (272.7 +/- 17.4 to 223.0 +/- 14.0 ng/mL [means +/- SE], P < .05). Serum glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference were not affected. Thus, short-term freeze-dried strawberry supplementation improved selected atherosclerotic risk factors, including dyslipidemia and circulating adhesion molecules in subjects with metabolic syndrome, and these results need confirmation in future trials.
Sucrose consumption higher than 15% is associated with an increased risk of a coronary events
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that a high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages is positively associated with the risk of a coronary event. However, a few studies have examined the association between sucrose (the most common extrinsic sugar in Sweden) and incident coronary events. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between sucrose intake and coronary event risk and to determine whether these associations are specific to certain subgroups of the population (i.e. according to physical activity, obesity status, educational level, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, intake of fat and intake of fruits and vegetables). We performed a prospective analysis on 26 190 individuals (62 % women) free from diabetes and without a history of CVD from the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Over an average of 17 years of follow-up (457 131 person-years), 2493 incident cases of coronary events were identified. Sucrose intake was obtained from an interview-based diet history method, including 7-d records of prepared meals and cold beverages and a 168-item diet questionnaire covering other foods. Participants who consumed >15 % of their energy intake (E%) from sucrose showed a 37 (95 % CI 13, 66) % increased risk of a coronary event compared with the lowest sucrose consumers (<5 E%) after adjusting for potential confounders. The association was not modified by the selected lifestyle factors. The results indicated that sucrose consumption higher than 15 E% (5 % of this population) is associated with an increased risk of a coronary event.
Keywords: E% percentage of energy; HR hazard ratio; MDC Malmö Diet and Cancer; CVD; Effect modification; Risk factors; Sucrose.
Sugar-sweetened beverages and cardiometabolic health: An update of the evidence
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have little nutritional value and a robust body of evidence has linked the intake of SSBs to weight gain and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and some cancers. Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) is a clustering of risk factors that precedes the development of T2D and CVD; however, evidence linking SSBs to MetSyn is not clear. To make informed recommendations about SSBs, new evidence needs to be considered against existing literature. This review provides an update on the evidence linking SSBs and cardiometabolic outcomes including MetSyn. Findings from prospective cohort studies support a strong positive association between SSBs and weight gain and risk of T2D and coronary heart disease (CHD), independent of adiposity. Associations with MetSyn are less consistent, and there appears to be a sex difference with stroke with greater risk in women. Findings from short-term trials on metabolic risk factors provide mechanistic support for associations with T2D and CHD. Conclusive evidence from cohort studies and trials on risk factors support an etiologic role of SSB in relation to weight gain and risk of T2D and CHD. Continued efforts to reduce intake of SSB should be encouraged to improve the cardiometabolic health of individuals and populations.
Keywords: cardiometabolic risk; cardiovascular disease; metabolic syndrome; sugar-sweetened beverages; type 2 diabetes; weight gain.
Sugary beverages are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients
Abstract
Purpose: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) containing high amount of added sugars have increased over the last decades. Due to increased risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, we designed a study to assess the association between SSBs and metabolic syndrome, a collection of cardiovascular risk factors, in these patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on T2DM adults (N = 157). Participants had no serious disease or insulin treatment. SSBs records were obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome status was extracted from biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Subjects risk factors were compared based on their usual SSBs consumption.
Results: About half of participants consumed at least one serving of SSBs (Mean intake: 145.6 mL/d) on a weekly basis. Men and women had a similar SSBs pattern. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were identical in both groups. Higher SSBs intake (≥ 0.5 vs <0.5 serving/ week) was positively associated with hypertension (OR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.31, 9.26) and obesity (OR: 4.61, 95% CI: 1.31, 16.25). After adjustment for confounders, a higher risk of the metabolic syndrome was observed in those with higher SSBs intake (OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 1.42, 12.62).
Conclusion: Drinking SSBs, even in low amounts, could potentially elevate the risk of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients. Reduction of sugary drinks would be an urgent recommendation.
Keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Diabetes; Metabolic syndrome; Sugar-sweetened beverages.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflicts of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supplemental ubiquinol has therapeutic effects in advanced congestive heart failure patients
Abstract
Patients with CHF, NYHA class IV, often fail to achieve adequate plasma CoQ10 levels on supplemental ubiquinone at dosages up to 900 mg/day. These patients often have plasma total CoQ10 levels of less than 2.5 microg/ml and have limited clinical improvement. It is postulated that the intestinal edema in these critically ill patients may impair CoQ10 absorption. We identified seven patients with advanced CHF (mean EF 22%) with sub-therapeutic plasma CoQ10 levels with mean level of 1.6 microg/ml on an average dose of 450 mg of ubiquinone daily (150-600 mg/day). All seven of these patients were changed to an average of 580 mg/day of ubiquinol (450-900 mg/day) with follow-up plasma CoQ10 levels, clinical status, and EF measurements by echocardiography. Mean plasma CoQ10 levels increased from 1.6 microg/ml (0.9-2.0 microg/ml) up to 6.5 microg/ml (2.6-9.3 microg/ml). Mean EF improved from 22% (10-35%) up to 39% (10-60%) and clinical improvement has been remarkable with NYHA class improving from a mean of IV to a mean of II (I to III). Ubiquinol has dramatically improved absorption in patients with severe heart failure and the improvement in plasma CoQ10 levels is correlated with both clinical improvement and improvement in measurement of left ventricular function.
Supplementation of magnesium and choline is more effective than either magnesium or choline alone to improve coagulation in subjects with T2DM
Abstract
Metabolic failure is associated with dyslipidemia and coagulation which can result in a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of choline and magnesium co-supplementation on lipid profile and coagulation parameters in patients with T2DM. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, supplements of choline bitartrate (1000 mg), magnesium oxide (500 mg), choline plus magnesium, or placebo were administered for 2 months to 96 diabetic participants of both sexes aged 30-60 years. Anthropometric characteristics, dietary intake, physical activity, serum lipids, and coagulation markers were measured in all subjects. Significant differences were observed in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in the magnesium and choline-magnesium groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels increased in choline-magnesium groups (p < 0.001). When adjusted for potential confounders, a significant decrease in PAI-1 (p = 0.03) and a marginally significant increase in tPA (p = 0.054) were found in the choline-magnesium group compared with the other groups. Compared with baseline values, there were significant differences in serum magnesium, HDL, and triglycerides (TG) following choline-magnesium co-supplementation (p < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in serum magnesium, HDL, and TG among the groups (p > 0.05). Overall, concurrent supplementation of magnesium and choline is more effective than either magnesium or choline alone to improve coagulation in subjects with T2DM.
Keywords: Choline; Coagulation; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Magnesium.
Supplementation with bergamot juice extract significantly reduced plasma lipids and improved the lipoprotein profile
Abstract
Background: Some patients experience statin-induced side effects or prefer nutraceutical approaches for the treatment of dyslipidemia. This has led to a search for alternative therapeutic approaches for dyslipidemia management. In recent studies Citrus bergamia (known as Bergamot) juice was able to reduce serum levels of lipids. Such benefit may be attributed to high amounts of flavonoids contained in Bergamot fruit juice (neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, naringin). The aim of the present study was to fully investigate the effects of a Bergamot extract on cardio-metabolic parameters, including plasma lipids, atherogenic lipoproteins and subclinical atherosclerosis.
Methods: Eighty subjects (42 men and 38 women, mean age: 55 ± 13 years) with moderate hypercholesterolemia [e.g., with plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations between 160 and 190 mg/dl (between 4.1 and 4.9 mmol/l)] were included. A Bergamot-derived extract (Bergavit R(®)) was given at a fixed dose daily (150 mg of flavonoids, with 16% of neoeriocitrin, 47% of neohesperidin and 37% of naringin) for 6 months. Lipoprotein subfractions were assessed by gel electrophoresis. With this methodology low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses are distributed as seven bands (LDL-1 and -2 as large LDL, and LDL-3 to -7 as atherogenic small, dense LDL). Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) using B-mode ultrasound.
Results: After 6 months, Bergavit R(®) reduced total cholesterol (from 6.6 ± 0.4 to 5.8 ± 1.1 mmol/l, p < 0.0001), triglycerides (from 1.8 ± 0.6 to 1.5 ± 0.9 mmol/l, p = 0.0020), and LDL-cholesterol (from 4.6 ± 0.2 to 3.7 ± 1.0 mmol/l, p < 0.0001), while HDL- cholesterol increased (from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.4 mmol/l, p < 0.0007). In addition, a significant increase in LDL-1 (from 41.2 ± 0.2 to 49.6 ± 0.2%, p < 0.0001) was accompanied by decreased small, dense LDL-3, -4, and 5 particles (from 14.5 ± 0.1 to 9.0 ± 0.1% p < 0.0001; 3.2 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.1% p = 0.0053; 0.3 ± 0.0% to 0.1 ± 0.0% p = 0.0133, respectively). cIMT also decreased from 1.2 ± 0.4 to 0.9 ± 0.1 mm (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: This is the first study investigating the effects of Bergamot flavonoids supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk in dyslipidemic subjects. Bergavit R(®) (Bergamot juice extract) supplementation significantly reduced plasma lipids and improved the lipoprotein profile. cIMT was also reduced significantly over a relatively short time frame of 6 months.
Keywords: Bergamot; LDL subclasses; cardiovascular risk; carotid IMT; hypercholesterolemia.
Supplementation with folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration
Abstract
Background: Observational epidemiologic studies indicate a direct association between homocysteine concentration in the blood and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but randomized trial data to examine the effect of therapy to lower homocysteine levels in AMD are lacking. Our objective was to examine the incidence of AMD in a trial of combined folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B(6)), and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B(12)) therapy.
Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including 5442 female health care professionals 40 years or older with preexisting cardiovascular disease or 3 or more cardiovascular disease risk factors. A total of 5205 of these women did not have a diagnosis of AMD at baseline and were included in this analysis. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a combination of folic acid (2.5 mg/d), pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/d), and cyanocobalamin (1 mg/d) or placebo. Our main outcome measures included total AMD, defined as a self-report documented by medical record evidence of an initial diagnosis after randomization, and visually significant AMD, defined as confirmed incident AMD with visual acuity of 20/30 or worse attributable to this condition.
Results: After an average of 7.3 years of treatment and follow-up, there were 55 cases of AMD in the combination treatment group and 82 in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.93 [P = .02]). For visually significant AMD, there were 26 cases in the combination treatment group and 44 in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.95 [P = .03]).
Conclusions: These randomized trial data from a large cohort of women at high risk of cardiovascular disease indicate that daily supplementation with folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin may reduce the risk of AMD.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00000161.
Supplementation with hydroxytyrosol and punicalagin improves early atherosclerosis markers
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and Punicalagin (PC) exert cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. This study evaluates the effect of oral supplementation with HT and PC (SAx) on early atherosclerosis markers in middle-aged, seemingly healthy adults. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was performed for 20 weeks. There were two treatment sequences (Placebo/SAx, n = 41; SAx/Placebo, n = 43) for which the intervention periods (Placebo and SAx) were 8 weeks long, followed by a 4-week wash out period. The supplement was composed of 9.9 mg of HT and 195 mg of PC, and the placebo was composed of maltodextrin. SAx increased endothelial function (Flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]: 2.36%; p < 0.001) in the endothelial dysfunction subgroup compared to the placebo (2.36 ± 3.9 vs. 0.76 ± 3.5%, p < 0.05). SAx also reduced oxLDL by -28.74 ng/mL (p < 0.05) in subjects with higher levels of oxLDL, which was an improvement compared with the placebo (-28.74 ± 40.2 vs. 25.64 ± 93.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001). The prehypertension and hypertension subgroups exhibited decreased systolic (-15.75 ± 9.9 mmHg; p < 0.001) and diastolic (-6.36 ± 8.7 mmHg; p < 0.001) blood pressure after SAx consumption. Moreover, the systolic prehypertension and hypertension subgroups presented significant differences in systolic blood pressure compared to the placebo (-15.75 ± 9.9 vs. -2.67 ± 12.0 mmHg, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement exerted anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving endothelial function, blood pressure, and levels of circulating oxLDL, especially for persons in whom these parameters were altered.
Keywords: atherosclerosis; endothelial dysfunction; hydroxytyrosol; hypertension; oxidative stress; prehypertension; punicalagin.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 could reduce cardiovascular mortality 10 years after supplementation
Abstract
Background: Selenium and coenzyme Q10 are important antioxidants in the body. As the intake of selenium is low in Europe, and the endogenous production of coenzyme Q10 decreases as age increases, an intervention trial using selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years was performed. As previously reported, the intervention was accompanied by reduced cardiovascular mortality. The objective of the present study was to analyze cardiovascular mortality for up to 10 years after intervention, to evaluate if mortality differed in subgroups differentiated by gender, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and functional class.
Methods: Four-hundred forty-three healthy elderly individuals were included from a rural municipality in Sweden. All cardiovascular mortality was registered, and no participant was lost to the follow-up. Based on death certificates and autopsy results mortality was registered.
Findings: Significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality could be seen in those on selenium and coenzyme Q10 intervention. A multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated a reduced cardiovascular mortality risk in the active treatment group (HR: 0.51; 95%CI 0.36-0.74; P = 0.0003). The reduced mortality could be seen to persist during the 10-year period. Subgroup analysis showed positive effects in both genders. An equally positive risk reduction could be seen in those with ischemic heart disease (HR: 0.51; 95%CI 0.27-0.97; P = 0.04), but also in the different functional classes.
Conclusions: In a 10-year follow-up of a group of healthy elderly participants given four years of intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10, significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality was observed. The protective action was not confined to the intervention period, but persisted during the follow-up period. The mechanism explaining the persistency remains to be elucidated. Since this was a small study, the observations should be regarded as hypothesis-generating.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 reduces cardiovascular mortality in elderly with low selenium status
Abstract
Background: Selenium is needed by all living cells in order to ensure the optimal function of several enzyme systems. However, the selenium content in the soil in Europe is generally low. Previous reports indicate that a dietary supplement of selenium could reduce cardiovascular disease but mainly in populations in low selenium areas. The objective of this secondary analysis of a previous randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial from our group was to determine whether the effects on cardiovascular mortality of supplementation with a fixed dose of selenium and coenzyme Q10 combined during a four-year intervention were dependent on the basal level of selenium.
Methods: In 668 healthy elderly individuals from a municipality in Sweden, serum selenium concentration was measured. Of these, 219 individuals received daily supplementation with selenium (200 μg Se as selenized yeast) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg) combined for four years. The remaining participants (n = 449) received either placebo (n = 222) or no treatment (n = 227). All cardiovascular mortality was registered. No participant was lost during a median follow-up of 5.2 years. Based on death certificates and autopsy results, all mortality was registered.
Findings: The mean serum selenium concentration among participants at baseline was low, 67.1 μg/L. Based on the distribution of selenium concentration at baseline, the supplemented group was divided into three groups; <65 μg/L, 65-85 μg/L, and >85 μg/L (45 and 90 percentiles) and the remaining participants were distributed accordingly. Among the non-treated participants, lower cardiovascular mortality was found in the high selenium group as compared with the low selenium group (13.0% vs. 24.1%; P = 0.04). In the group with the lowest selenium basal concentration, those receiving placebo or no supplementation had a mortality of 24.1%, while mortality was 12.1% in the group receiving the active substance, which was an absolute risk reduction of 12%. In the middle selenium concentration group a mortality of 14.0% in the non-treated group, and 6.0% in the actively treated group could be demonstrated; thus, there was an absolute risk reduction of 8.0%. In the group with a serum concentration of >85 μg/L, a cardiovascular mortality of 17.5% in the non-treated group, and 13.0% in the actively treated group was observed. No significant risk reduction by supplementation could thus be found in this group.
Conclusions: In this evaluation of healthy elderly Swedish municipality members, two important results could be reported. Firstly, a low mean serum selenium concentration, 67 μg/L, was found among the participants, and the cardiovascular mortality was higher in the subgroup with the lower selenium concentrations <65 μg/L in comparison with those having a selenium concentration >85 μg/L. Secondly, supplementation was cardio-protective in those with a low selenium concentration, ≤85 at inclusion. In those with serum selenium>85 μg/L and no apparent deficiency, there was no effect of supplementation. This is a small study, but it presents interesting data, and more research on the impact of lower selenium intake than recommended is therefore warranted.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01443780.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Synbiotic supplementation in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease had beneficial effects on insulin metabolism and HDL-cholesterol levels
Abstract
Objective: The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of synbiotic administration on metabolic profiles in overweight diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among 60 diabetic patients with CHD. Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A (n=30) received synbiotic supplements containing 3 probiotic bacteria spices Lactobacillus acidophilus 2×109, Lactobacillus casei 2×109, Bifidobacterium bifidum 2×109 CFU/g plus 800 mg inulin and group B (n=30) received placebo for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 12-week intervention to determine metabolic profiles. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, patients who consumed synbiotic capsule had significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (- 19.6±74.6 vs.+19.2±66.9 mg/dL, P=0.03), serum insulin concentrations (- 0.7±5.1 vs.+3.3±6.3 µIU/mL, P=0.01), the homeostasis model of assessment-estimated b cell function (- 3.4±19.5 vs.+11.5±21.0, P=0.006) and increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+ 0.002±0.01 vs.-0.01±0.02, P=0.03) compared with the placebo. In addition, changes in HLDL-cholesterol levels (+ 1.8±5.7 vs.-2.2±6.0 mg/dL, P=0.01) in supplemented patients were significantly different from those of patients in the placebo group. Conclusion: Synbiotic supplementation for 12 weeks among diabetic patients with CHD had beneficial effects on markers of insulin metabolism and HDL-cholesterol levels.
TA-65 improved key markers of cardiovascular disease risk
Abstract
Background: Telomerase Activator 65 (TA-65), a compound extracted from Astragalus membranaceus has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for extending lifespan. Scarce information exists on the effects of TA-65 on parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Methods: We recruited 40 patients with MetS to determine the effects of TA-65 on dyslipidemias, hypertension, and oxidative stress in this at-risk population. The study was a double-blind, randomized crossover design in which patients were allocated to consume either 16 mg daily of a TA-65 supplement or a placebo for 12 weeks. Following a 3-week washout, participants were allocated to the alternate treatment for an additional 12 weeks. Anthropometric and biological markers were measured at the end of each treatment. Plasma lipids, glucose, CReactive Protein (CRP), liver enzymes, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured using a Cobas c-111. Inflammatory cytokines were measured by Luminex technology and markers of oxidative stress by the use of spectroscopy.
Results: Compared to the placebo period, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was higher while body mass index, waist circumference, and the LDL/HDL ratio were lower (p < 0.05) during TA-65 treatment. In addition, plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was lower during the TA-65 period (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed in changes between the placebo and the TA-65 periods in HDL-C and CRP (r = -0.511, p < 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (r = -0.61, p < 0.001) and TNF-α (r = -0.550, p < 0.001) suggesting that the favorable changes observed in HDL were associated with decreases in inflammation.
Conclusion: TA-65 improved key markers of cardiovascular disease risk, which were also associated with reductions in inflammation.
Keywords: Astragalus membranaceus; HDL; Telomerase activator; inflammation; metabolic syndrome; oxidative stress..
Tai Chi can prevent cardiovascular disease and improve cardiopulmonary function of adults with obesity aged 50 years and older
Abstract
To research the possible role of Tai Chi in preventing cardiovascular disease and improving cardiopulmonary function in adults with obesity aged 50 years and older.Between 2007 and 2012, 120 adults with obesity, aged 50 years and older, were divided into a Tai Chi group and a control group, with 60 participants in each group. The 2 groups were evaluated for weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure (BP), body mass index, and incidence of chronic disease during follow-up monitoring.Two- and 6-year follow-up showed that the average BP in the Tai Chi group along with either the systolic or diastolic pressure decreased significantly compared to those in the control group (P < .001). Waist and hip circumference, weight, and body mass index in the Tai Chi group were significantly reduced compared to those in the control group (P < .001). The cardiopulmonary function of the control group and the Tai Chi group changed, with the cardiac index significantly higher in the Tai Chi group than in the control group (P < .05). The Tai Chi group had significantly higher levels of lung function, including vital capacity, maximal oxygen uptake, and total expiratory time, than the control group. The total incidence of complications and mortality in the Tai Chi group were much lower than those in the control group (P < .001). The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in the Tai Chi group (16.67%) was lower than that in the control group (38.33%).Tai Chi is not only a suitable exercise for elderly people with obesity, but it can also help to regulate BP, improve heart and lung function in these individuals, as well as reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases, helping to improve their quality of life.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have no conflicts of interests to disclose.
Tai Chi training is safe and produces significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with symptomatic heart failure
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of Tai Chi on exercise tolerance in patients with moderate heart failure.
Design: Randomised parallel group study balanced for baseline variables.
Setting: Cardiology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital.
Patients and methods: 52 patients (42 men, mean age (68.9 years), range (46-90 years), and 10 women, mean age (70.0 years), range (58-82)) with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association symptom class II-III) were studied. Patients were randomised to Tai Chi Chuan twice a week for 16 weeks or to standard medical care without exercise rehabilitation.
Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the change in the distance walked in the shuttle walk test. Secondary outcome measures were changes in symptom scores and quality of life indices.
Results: Objective measures of exercise tolerance did not improve significantly with Tai Chi, but patients having Tai Chi exercise had an improvement in symptom scores of heart failure measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (comparison of deltas, -2.4 control vs -14.9; p = 0.01), and depression scores measured by the SCL-90-R questionnaire (-2.9 vs -6.8; p = 0.12) compared with those patients in the control group.
Conclusion: In patients with chronic heart failure, 16 weeks of Tai Chi training was safe, with no adverse exercise related problems. It was enjoyed by all taking part and led to significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing interests: None.